Apparatus for manufacturing gas.



11. PETT IBONE. APPABATUS OR MANUFACTURING GAS.

Patented Oct. 6. 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

E5 PETTIBONE. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1907.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

Patented 0ct6,1908.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

H. .PETTIBONE. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED .11. ll, 1907.

50 don UNITED} STATES- Us r PATENT -OFFIOE.

EAWLEY PETTIBONE, or NnwnocH'EilLE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE. POWER AND MINING MACHINERY COMPANY, A. GORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Arr'AnA'rUs ronmAn'urAc'runnve G s.

I NO.

Rochelle,v n the'gcounty'of Westchester and, State of New York, have invented'certainnew and useful l mpro'vements i'n Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the followng 1s a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing producer-gas, or mixed producer-gas und rwater-gas, and more particularly,;t0 devices' and apparatus for operating connected pairs of generators or-producers. The object of my invention is toiprovide 5 for drawjn ofl" hot-gas from a generator and delivering it hot directly to a furnace for metallurgical work, thereby utilizing the sensible heat, without. diluting. the gas with steam or-otherwise affecting its thermal value. j Y j 1 Another object is toiprovide. for utilizing hot gas dir'ectly from thegenerators, thereby saving the-sensible heat, and at the same time drawing off a portion of the gas, scrubbing and cleaning it, operating--therewith' a gas engineand thereby opera-tinga compressor to compress part ofthe cleaned gas for use in jet exhausters which serve-to 'drawhot gas from the generators and deliver it to metallurgic' furnaces,

Another object is to provide for reversing the actlon of either one of the" jet exhausters.

on a pair of comiected generatorsQor cha1nhers, producing a reverse current through one of the fires or bodies of incandescent fuel, thereby causing pressure in one of the chambers and vacuum or partial vacuum inthe )ther chamber and cleaning the fire .of dust and ashes.

[Another object is to greatly reduce the cost of a fuelrgas and power plant of a givencapacit'y, by doing awaywith positive rotary exhausters, steam engines therefor, boilers, connections, etc, and yet preserve the efficiency of the plant.

j The matter constituting my inrention will be defined in the claims;

My apparatus embraces connecting pairs of enerators or] chambers; -reversible or ble jet-exhau'ster devices, using compressed gas. and" connecting the generators withafgas' maim scrubbers, a holder, a gas engine, a-cornpress'or and details of construc- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

Application filed Iaim'argll, Serial 'No. 351,860 I itiori'and arrangement of the apparatus which I will be fully described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a top plan view of the apparatus. Fig. 2 represents an end elevation thereof with arts in'section and the gas holder omitted. ig. 3 represents a vertical longitudinal section on enlarged scale, of one of. the reversible injector and exhaust de- 'vices. Fig. 4 represents asimilar view of a modified form of reversibleinjector and exhaust devices. A v

The generators are preferably constructed of pairs of connected chambers or furnaces, A, and A each having a gas take-off pipe and jet exhaust device at the bottom, as shown in Figs; 1 and 2. A battery of generators may be composed of any desired number of pairs of chambers or furnaces, A and A connected to a gas main E. The generators have top fuel openings a closed by lids w, m. B and a grateb, preferably composed of brick arches, as shown.

The furnaces A and A are connected near the top by a pipe or flue C, which ispreferably brick lined. Each furnace is provided with a clinker door 3 above the grate and an ash pitdoor y below the grate. In the ash pit is provided an outlet opening I) and at said opening there is secured to the 11'011 shell-a reversible injector and exhaust device- Each generator has an ash pit' nects with furnace A and both .connect with the main E, for each pair of generators. Each exhaust device D is ,double and is so provided with connecting pipes 'as' to serve for exhausting gas from the generator and for admitting gas to said generator under pressure or otherwise, as desired,

"The reversible injector and exhaust device 1) is constructed of an outer iron shell and a fire-brick lining a, which latter is so shaped as to "produce the two cones or =frustums of cones d .and d, as shown in Fig. 3, that. 1s, a "double-frustum cone in each'device I). The iron shell or casing is provided centrally with a circular water channel cl for the circulation of cooling water. In the modification, Fig. 4, are provided, near the opposite ends of the ironsliell, water cooled channels gas'to the jet nozzles.

d' containing recesses f for the jet nozzles g. At opposite ends of the device I), Fig. I are inserted the water-jacketed jet nozzle pipes H, H, each having a water circulating spacc orchannel h provided with water in let and outlet pipes 71, The ends of the pipes H, H are turned nearly at right angles forming the discharge nozzles h, which, as shown in Fig. 3, are arranged to discharge in opposite directions. The nozzle pipes H, H are stationary and their jet nozzles h are arranged centrally in the conical chambers cl and (1'. At the outer end of each device D isprovided a flanged connection for the purge-pipe or stack F, having-a valve f, Fig. 2. To the outer end of the exhaust de-. vices D, D are connected valve casings containing the water-cooled gate valves 6, 6,

said casing connecting in turn with the gas main E which extends along the battery of generators, as shown in- Fig. 1. 'The branch take-off pipe E connects with the main E and leads, in practice, to a metallurgic or other furnace, not here shown. This pipe E is preferably provided with a gate valve a beyond the, branch pipe K. The mains E and are preferably briclelined to retain the heat in the gas. With the nozzle pipes H, H connect'gas supply pipes G, G having valves g, g, for admitting compressed These pipesG, G connect at the upper end with a main supply pipe'Q. With the gas supply pipes G, G I preferably connect a steam supply pipe S having valves 8, s forsupplying steam when first starting up the generators, before gas has been stored in' the holder. A branch pipe S having a valve 8, leads from pipe S and connects with the top of the generator as shown in Fig. 2, for supplying steam when it is desired to make water-gas, or for other I from "scrubber M into the holder N. The

,holder is madecomparatively small as it is only intended to store a small volume of gas at a time for supplying the gas engine and compressor. A pipe 02. and branch pipe at lead from the holder and connect by branch pipes o and p, respectively, with a double gas.

engineOand double compressor P. The gas outlet pipe n may be extended to conduct cool, clean gas to other gas-en ines or any desired place of'use. The shaft of the engine O is provided with a fly-wheel and is extended to form the shaft of the compressor 'P, or is coupled to such shaft. Outlet pipes 19 lead from opposite ends'of the compressor and connect with the pipe p, having a valve Z, and leading to the main supply pipe Q for supplying compressed gas to the downwardly extending pipes G and G which supply the exhaust devices I), .1) along the battery of generators, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The supply of gas to the jet nozzles h and h is controlled by the valves If desired, A tank or chamber R for holding compressed gas may be connected in or to the pipe p" so that a volume of compressed gas may be constantly stored for use in starting the jet-exhausters and the generation of gas.

In the modified form of double jet-exhauster D shown in Fig. 4, gas supply pipes G and G are made to slide up and down in the stufiing boxes 9" so that their nozzles may be drawn up into the boxes or recesses f so that one of them may be out of the way while the other is in use, or so that both may be drawn up at the same time when desired. The recesses f are preferably pro vided, with water jackets or. water-cooled spaces d in which water will be circulated forkeeping the recesses cool and thus protecting the nozzles g". The dotted lines indicate the positions of the jet-nozzles when they are slid down into operative position. .l lexible supply pipes I are preferably connected with the sliding pipes G G for permitting them to be more readily adjusted. Since the heat is apt to be quite high at the contracted part of the double cone, I preferably provide the hollow water circulating ring at at that point and in practice such ring will be provided with water inlet and outlet pipes, not here shown.

The generators are operated in pairs, as A, A and any desired number will be put into operation at a time to meet the demand for gas'required in metallurgic or other fur- .naces. Fires will be kindled in the genera tors A, A and may at first be allowed to burn by natural draft by opening the top lids w, in. In starting operation of the plant, before any gas has been made, and with the gas holder empty, steam may be ad.- mitted to the jet pipes by opening the Valves 8 and 8'. Steam at first will be passed only into the jet pipes It so as to draw air through the top opening a and down into the bed of fuel and exhaust gas through the devices D, D and pass it up through the purge pipes F, the valves f thereof being open. At this time gate valves and 0 may be closed. After the generators A, A have been snitably charged with fuel and. deep bodies of incandescent fuel formed therein, the valves e, e will beo-pened and the purge-valves 7 will be closed. The exhaust jets of steam through nozzles it being continued, the gas, as generated in furnaces A, A will be forced through the mains E and E and delivered to the scrubber L. As' soon as good gas is being delivered through pipes E the valve k Will'be opened and valve 6""cl0sed so as to into operation, At the same time the compressor P wlll be'started and gas will be dellvered thereto 'througl'i pipe 72 and will be' discharged therefrom through pipes 10 and p to the main "supply pipe 0. v Steam is now shut off byblosingvalves s and gas is admitted by opening valves 9 and passing it through exhaust nozzles h.v The jets'of escaping gas from the nozzles h will now serve to exhaust gas from the generators A, ,A and itwill only be necessaryto supply fuel to the generators and leave the lids an, m open. Of course air will be continuously drawn down into the beds of incandescent fuel andserve for generating producer gas. \Vith this down-draft generating plant, soft or bitumia (us coal can be effectively used for making high-grade producer-gas. The gas delivered to the compressor P will be compressed to any desired pressure for most effectively operating theet exhausters. An important advantage is gained by using compressed gas in the jet exhauster instead o'fstenm, as thereby the gas dra-wif'from the generator is not dilutedwith a moist no'ncombustible fluid, but, onthe contrary, is delivered hot and Without any change in its thermal value. In practice this is quite immrtantwhere high'and uniforn'i, heats ar e'to be maintained in furnaces. 1

So soon as good producer-gas is being generated in generators A, A by operation (if the exhaust devices D, D with jets of compressed gas through nozzles h, the valve c in gas main E will be opened, and the gas as produced .Wlll' be dlscharged hot through main E toa place of use. The gas usedfor opera tmgthe exhaust devices being of the same quality as the gas generated will not affectits thermal value.

,During' operation of the fapparatus a sufficient volume of gas will be passed from main E through the scrubbers to the holder to maintain acontinuous supply thereof to gas-engine O and compressor P for operat ing the gas-jet exhaust devices D,D

At any' desired time -part of the com-v pressed, gas may be drawn from pipe p and stored in a tank R by opening valve 7".

When it is desired to use the compressed' gas in tank valve '1" will beeopened. This compressed gas may be used When start-ingup the generators after aperiod of rest.- I

After operating the generators for a period of twelve or twenty-four hours, the

reduce. the vacuum on "the fires 'and free 4 closed.

them from dust and ashes, I'reverse the action of one of the exhauster devices, that is, I shutoff the gas from the exhaust nozzle h in the device D and then admitbompressed gas' by opening. valve g. through the jet nozzle h, thereby "blowing compressed up through the body of fuel in" generator A. The gas may be admitted to the nozzle h in sudden puffs or impulses so as to 'betterblowloutthe dust and ashes from the interstices of the fuel; A reverse. current is-established through the fires and at the same time all'of the gas will be drawn down through the body of fuel in generator A and off through the exhaust device D While cleaning the fire in generatorA the gate valve egnay-be closed. Since .a jet of gas will. be admitted through nozzle 72 in the device D acting as an exhauster and gas is shut off from the nozzle h in the device D, there will be pressurein the bottom of generator A and vacuum in the bottom of, generator'A which will serveto rapidly. clean'the fire in generator A. This cleaning operation can'be performed in a very short time-oneor two minutes. \Vhen' it is desiredto clean the fire in generator A, gas willbe shut as from the exhaustnozzle h and admitted through the nozzleh", in; the device I), while, at the same time, the exhauster 72- in the device D will be in operation. This cleaning operation "can be quickly done at any time without stopping 'the generationof gas or in any way affect ng the quality of the gas generated. During the cleaning operation above described, the

, top doors of both generators will be closed.

In the abovedesc'ribed operation, dust and ashes, which tend to plug the fire, are blown principally from the body of incandescentfueland lodge mostly on the side 'walls of the generator, the main object being to open the fire or body of fuel to the passage of air and gas.

, twenty-four hours the generation of gas in.

agenerator is suspended and the ash and cinder removed through the doors y and 11 During this cleaning operation,- gas is shut off from the jet nozzles hh and valve 6 is Having described ,my invention, what I clai1n,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I v I 1. The combination with a gas generator and outlet. pipe, ofw'a jet exhauster, means for compressing part' of the on flowing gas, and a pipe connection therefrom to said exhauster, substantially as-des'eribed.

2. The combination with a gas-generator having means for admitting air arid the main gas outlet pipe, .of a double et 1nfires or bedsvof fuel are 'aptato become At certain intervals of twelve to v jeetor device in said; outlet pipe,'and adapt- I lee hot gas may be drawn off from the generator .and the c irrent reversed through the generator, substantially as described.

3. The combinationv with a gas-generator having means for admitting air and the maingas outlet pipe, of a double jet injector device in said outlet pipe, and adapted for discharging jets in opposite directions, and

means for compressing gas and storing it under pressure and supplying such compressed gas to the jet nozzles, wherebyhot gas may be drawn off and the current through the generator reversed,'sub'stantially as described.

4. The combination with a pair of generators or chambers connected near the top, of a main gas outlet pipe connecting with the base of each and a jet injector exhauster in each outlet pipe, whereby the current may be reversed through both chambers, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a gas generator, of a main gas outlet pipe having a jet in-. jector exhauster, means for compressing and supplying gas thereto under pressure, a second pipe arranged for supplying gas in the opposite direction, and a valve in said outlet pipe, whereby gas can be passed from the second pipe into the generator, substantially as described. (3. The combination with a gas generator and main outlet-pipe, of a reversible jet in- I jector exhaust device, adapted to discharge a jet, at will, in opposite directions, whereby a jet of fluid may be discharged outward for drawing gas from the generator or discharged into the generator, substantially as described.

7 The combination with a gas generator and main outlet-pipe, of a doublejet injector device having tapering or conical chambers connecting at their contracted ends and a jet nozzle in each of said chambers pointing into the contracted end, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a gas generator and main outlet-pipe, of a double-jet injector device composed of a casing having a central water jacket, or channel, connecting and oppositely flaring conical gas passages and water-jacketed jet nozzle-pipes in said-passages, substantially as described.

1 9. The combinationwith a gas generator and main outlet-pipe, of 3..d0llblG-j9t injector device composed of a casing having a central water jacket, or channel, con- ,necting and oppositely-flaring'conical gas passages and et nozzles in said passages pointing inward to the contracted portion, substantially as described.

10. The combination with a gas generator and outlet-pipe, of an interposedinjector device having a .tapering' chamber or passage, a recess in the wall adjacent to its enlarged inlet end, and a movable supply, or nozzle-pipe arranged to slide through the recess, whereby the jet nozzle may be projected into the tapering passage or withdrawn .into the recess, substantially as described.

11. The combination with agas generator and outlet pipe, of an interposed injector device having a tapering or conical passage provided with a pocket or recess in the wall near its enlarged end and a sliding nozzlepipe passing through the recess, whereby its,

nozzle may be drawn into the recess for protection, substantially as described.

12. The combination with a gas generator and outlet-pipe, of an interposed injector exhaust device having a recess and passageway in the wall, a sliding nozzle pipe in said passageway and a flexible supply pipe connecting with the nozzle pipe, substantially as described.

13. The combination with a gas generator and outlet-pipe, of an interposed injector exhaust device having a water-jacketed recess and a passageway loading thereto in the wall, and a sliding nozzle-pipe in said passageway, substantially as described.

14. The combination with a gas generator and outlet-pipe, of an interposed jet injector exhaust device, a gas compressor and a valved pipe connection therefrom to the injector device, substantiallyas described.

15. The combination with agas generator, of means for cooling and cleaning the gas generated, means for compressing it, and pipe and'valve-connections from the generator to said cleaning and compressing devices and from the latter to the generator, substantially as described.

16. The combination, with a gas generator and outlet-pipe, of an injector exhaust device, a scrubber, a gas'engine, a compressor, and pipe-connections from the generator to said parts and back to the injector device at the generator, substantially as described.

17 The combination with a gas generator, a scrubber, a holder, a gas engine, a compressor and pipe connections from the generator to and between'said parts and back to the generator, substantially as described.

18. The combination with a gas generator, a scrubber, a gas-engine, a compressor, a reservoir adapted to hold compressed gas, and pipe connections from the generator to and between said parts and back to the generator, substantially as described.

Intestimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses. HAWLEY PETTIBONE.

Witnesses:

Rona. H. CLARK, FRANCIS S. MAGUIRE. 

